In our culture, the physical bottom and its functions are an issue that is not customary to discuss in a decent society.Therefore, the diseases that affect these parts of the body cause the suffering of not only natural but also psychological properties.Unfortunately, one of these diseases - hemorrhoids - is not as rare as we would like.At least 10-15% of the total adult population of the Earth is subject to it.Most of the time, people from 30 to 50 years of age suffer from hemorrhoids and men are four times more often than women.Unfortunately, away from all patients, they feel the signs of the disease that has begun, go to the doctor.False shame prevents many, they prefer to self -exterminate, which aggravate their position only.But hemorrhoids, like other diseases, are easier to deal with in the early stages.
What are hemorrhoids and causes of his appearance
The last part of the digestive tract, the last part of the colon, is called the right.It begins somewhere at the level of the third sacred vertebra and ends with the anus.Blood supply is provided by five arteries (one of them, non -paired, called hemorrhoidal) and bloodflow is made by a wide branched vein veins found in the submucosal layer of the rectum.At the bottom of the rectum or the hemorrhoidal zone under the mucous membrane is cavernous or cavernous bodies, perforated by the network of smaller veins.Normally, the walls of these vessels should support the connective tissue, but if weakened, the blood flow is increased and the outflow is disturbed, then the walls of the ships are swelled, the caverns are filled with blood and stuck, filling the whole cavity.Hemorrhoids are the same blood swollen and protruding cavernous bodies.Sometimes the appearance of hemorrhoids causes mechanical causes when, under the influence of certain factors, the muscular fibers of the longitudinal muscles of the rectum are stretched and loose, which causes the hemorrhoid nodes to be shifted to the anus and loss of them.The number of nodes in patients is very different - from one to several, which can fill the entire anal area.Their dimensions are also very different - from 5 mm to 3 cm.
Although the exact causes of the appearance and development of hemorrhoids have not yet been revealed, it is believed that the following factors contribute to it:
- A sedentary lifestyle.People are particularly subject to the appearance of hemorrhoids, for a long time to be seated or stopped for a long time.When a person sits or represents for a long time, blood stagnation occurs in the pelvic organs, which can disrupt blood outflow through the veins.
- Physical work.However, physical activity is not a panacea.People working in areas where prolonged and stable hard physical work also suffer from hemorrhoids.
- Complications for dedication- Whether it is diarrhea or chronic constipation.Both of these states cause an increase in pressure in the abdominal cavity, which, in turn, leads to an increase in the hemorrhoidal nodes and their loss.
- Inappropriate nutrition.Increased use of alcohol, spicy food causes an arterial inflow to the cave bodies of the rectum, which contributes to their expansion.Foods, poor in fibers, cause constipation and abundance of fatty food - diarrhea.
- Hypothermia or overheating of the pelvic area.Both of these conditions exacerbate blood circulation and contribute to blood stagnation in the pelvis.
- Pregnancy, childbirth.In this condition, a woman increases the pressure in the abdominal area and the outflow of blood through the veins can be disturbed.As a result, hemorrhoids may form.
- Portliness.Especially the appearance of hemorrhoids is subject to people whose fat is mainly deposited in the abdomen.
- Some sexual practicesincluding anal sex.
- Various diseases: Liver diseases (with them, the venous outflow of blood is reduced, increases the pressure on the veins, which contributes to the development of hemorrhoids).Diseases of the pelvic organs (bladder, prostate).Neoplasms and/or inflammation in the basin, intestines.
- Hereditary reasons: Functional connective tissue deficiency, impaired nervous regulation of venous wall tone, heart pathology and blood vessels.
Hemorrhoids symptoms
Hemorrhoids gradually and subtle.A person has no particular suffering, unless from time to time after removal may feel discomfort, pain, itching in the anus.Soft fabrics in the anus area can swell.The mucus can be released from the rectum, irritating the anus and causing a burning sensation.Sometimes the patient has a feeling, as if there is a foreign body in the back hole.After removal, long -term pains are common.These phenomena are reinforced in violation of a diet or gastrointestinal tract disorders.But more often people look for a doctor after detecting blood in feces, toilet paper or underwear in the form of small drops, stripes or, in rare cases, with severe bleeding.
However, hemorrhage from the anus is not always associated with hemorrhoids (especially if the patient is over 40 years).Rectal bleeding can also occur in the following diseases:
- Rectum
- oncological diseases of the rectum
- The loss of the right
- Colitis, polyps, funds
The patient should pay attention to whether the appearance of bleeding is due to a change in intestinal behavior, the appearance of a stool of a different color or consistency of the usual.With such symptoms, consult a doctor who can occur immediately in another part of the gastrointestinal tract.
How do hemorrhoids manifest
Hemorrhoids occurexternalorinternal.With external hemorrhoids, the hemorrhoidal nodes extend, form from the lower venous grid and are directly in the anus.Since inflammation is not in the right, but outside of it, if you want, you can consider this area with your eyes.Bleeding in this form of hemorrhoids is practically absent, but patients are very concerned about the pain in the rectum area.Outdoor nodes are often inflammatory, injured by rough linen and more often regenerated in oncological formations.This type of hemorrhoids relatively rare - no more than 10% of the total number of patients suffering from them.
The inner hemorrhoidal nodes are found in the submucosal layer of the rectum, it is possible to see them with the naked look only in the later stages of the disease, when the body cave shell is so deformed that it is distorted through the anus.The main symptoms of inner hemorrhoids are the presence of blood in the stools (although more often red, arterial, it is also likely to be dark venous blood with clots), pain during removal.In the later stages of the disease, hemorrhoids fall out of the anus.Initially, they are designed media, but later patients should do so by hand.
There is also a combined hemorrhoids, in which both the cave bodies of the rectum and the subcutaneous venous grid of the anal area are deformed.
Hemorrhoids occursharp(When its symptoms grow rapidly, the nodes are inflammatory, inflammation passes on adjacent tissues, the patient suffers from pain, necrotic changes in nodes due to thrombosis are also possible) andchronic.Then the disease takes a long time, months and even years, while periodically deteriorating - bleeding happens, nodes fall out, stinging and offering many suffering.During periods of recession, provided that precautions are observed by the patient practically does not feel discomfort.
Stages of disease growth
Most cases of hemorrhoids are diagnosed in the later stages - either because patients did not pay attention to the symptoms, attributing them to other reasons, or because of false shame, they tighten the journey to the doctor.There are four stages of hemorrhoids.
- The first stage.Symptoms are impressive, occurring only in special cases (for example, with intestinal disorders, after heavy physical work, long or sitting on the spot, food disorders, overheating or hypothermia).Sometimes the patient feels discomfort during removal, burning and itching after that.During the examination, the doctor notes the presence of blood stagnation and the extent of the walls of the blood vessels.If hemorrhoids manage to diagnose at this stage, treatment occurs quickly and without problems.
- The second stage.Hemorrhoids increase in size, their walls become thinner, short breaks can form on them, which leads to bleeding.In the patient, after high physical activity, complex removal or hypothermia, traces of blood on feces, toilet paper or underwear can be observed, but the bleeding is very small and quickly passes.The hemorrhoids are slightly enlarged and can fall out of the anus after the apostasy, however, return themselves.Their appearance is caused by increasing pressure on the peritoneum with severe stress, be it physical work or strong cough.At this stage, you can still resort to conservative treatment.
- The third stage.The anal clamp has dystrophic changes and weakens, as a result of which fallen hemorrhoid nodes can only be corrected by hand.The patient is worried about severe itching, bleeding is frequent and abundant.Conservative treatment is no longer possible.
- The fourth stage.The nodes are so expanded that they cannot correct them.The muscles of the anal hole are very weakened, the tone of the clamp decreases.For the loss of nodes, even the smaller physical activity is enough.The nodes themselves can take the form of a stamp, they are inflammatory.Inflammation can also affect nearby fabrics.
Hemorrhoids complications
Fortunately, hemorrhoids complications are not very often found.Although above all, with the patient's hemorrhoids, the type of blood scares, it does not stand out so much that it is a risk to life.However, with prolonged constant bleeding, anemia is possible.
The flow of mucus from the anus causes itching and can lead to eczema.
With the further development of the disease, when hemorrhoids have already been moved to the third or fourth stage, the patient has a large decrease in manual reduction of nodes.And they can already fall not only after abstract, but also with severe coughing, sneezing, physical activity.
In rare cases, fallen hemorrhoids can pinch the muscle.Of the anal sphincter, which causes severe pain.If the nodes are not adjusted, thrombosis may be developed.These are the most difficult complications for hemorrhoids, which require immediate medical care.In this situation, the hemorrhoidal nodes are swollen, tense, greatly increased in size and can be a purulent infection in the patient's body.Patients lose their appetite, their temperature rises, they are sick.
Any disease gets worse if not treated.It is no exception to hemorrhoids - in the absence of treatment, it evolves, which can lead to irreversible changes in the rectum veins.
Hemorrhoids during pregnancy and childbirth
The reason for the development of hemorrhoids in pregnant women pushes the veins of the rectum of the rectum, which has increased in the size of the uterus, which causes reduced blood outflow, blood vessels and hemorrhoid nodes formation.Also, the appearance of hemorrhoids in pregnant women can cause constipation when the feces stretch the walls of the rectum and injure the cavernous bodies.As a rule, in the last months of pregnancy, a woman is forced to lead a sedentary lifestyle, which also does not contribute to body healing.During childbirth, the perineum muscles are stretched, the cave bodies of the rectum are stretched and injured.With the severe extent of the muscles of the perineum, the weakening of the anal sphincter is possible and, therefore, the loss of nodes.
Often those who gave birth to women confuse the symptoms of hemorrhoids with the effects of childbirth and do not see a doctor immediately, thereby causing the disease to grow.
Which doctor will get in touch with the suspicion of hemorrhoids?
If a person is concerned about the unpleasant sensations in the anus area, itching, as well as traces of blood, you should consult a professional or a collapse doctor.
Diagnosis of the disease
Usually, for the diagnosis of hemorrhoids, there is plenty of visual examination of the patient's body.At the same time, the patient either takes the position of the knee-elbow or occupies a gynecological chair.The doctor examines the patient's anus, paying particular attention to the condition of the skin, the presence of bleeding nodes, their value and position.
To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor may conduct other studies:
- Anus.The doctor examines the tissues of the anal channel, evaluates the condition of the mucous membrane of the rectum, as well as the surrounding organs and tissues, determines the position of the hemorrhoid nodes, their value and the degree of pain and if there is bleeding.It is true that the exact size of the nodes cannot be adjusted - when the feeling, as a rule, is reduced in size.In this case, the patient may be on his side, on his back or stand in all four, and the doctor in gloves with his index examines the rectum from the inside.Already after a finger examination, the doctor may prescribe immunomodomous and specorscopy.
- Uptake.By immunoscopy, a special device is inserted into the back, which allows the doctor to examine the surface of the rectum for 10-15 cm.Using the immunomatic, the doctor determines exactly where the caverns are affected, whether there are tumor -shaped processes and inflammatory diseases in the rectum.The immunomatic is also used to take tests - biopsy and stroke.This process is painless and has no practical contraindications.The exception is the stage of deterioration of inflammatory diseases.The doctor then first recommends to remove the inflammation and only then to conduct an examination.
Although immunocompromised is a fairly simple process, it requires preliminary preparation.So as not to prevent the rectum examination, the patient should avoid eating the night before, and make two cleansing enema - half a day before the procedure and the second - a few hours before it.It is also possible for the doctor to ask the patient to take a laxative stay.
Also, in order to exclude the risk of developing oncological pathology, the doctor may provide the patient to passSection- Examination of sigmoid and rectum.With this examination, the doctor may examine the inner surface of the rectum even at 25 cm.If for some reason it is impossible to perform a stomach (let's say, the patient has pathological disorders of the rectum), they are performed instead of thisColonoscopy- When the inner surface of the rectum is examined with an endoscope.
Thanks to this approach, the doctor can take a clear picture of the disease, at what stage it is and how it will grow.Along the road, you can identify other diseases that affect the function of nearby body systems.Hemorrhoids are often accompanied by diseases of the anal part of the body and colon, caused by hemorrhoids bleeding.Sometimes there is also an irritable bowel syndrome.
How to cure hemorrhoids
After the diagnosis, the doctor decides which treatment to prescribe.But with all stages of hemorrhoids, from the first to the last, a treatment is performed that allows you to stop the symptoms of the disease - to reduce the pain, to stop the bleeding.If the hemorrhoids of the first or second stage, you can heal it when using so -called.Conservative treatment - that is, the use of pain that relieve pain, prevent complications and also contribute to the postoperative rehabilitation of patients.The best results are given by the sharing of drugs both external and internal use.
| Group | Area | Method of applying | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non -alid anti -inflammatory drugs and analgesics | Remove the inflammatory process, reduce swelling, anesthetized | Orally | |
| Intelce | Improve blood vessels, reduce venous extension, prevent thrombosis | Orally, externally | |
| Hemostatic | Stop bleeding | Orally, in the form of injections | |
| Ointments | Relieve spasm and inflammation, stun | Outwardly | |
| Anticoagulant | Prevent hemorrhoids from | Injections | |
| Laxatively | Normalize a chair | Orally | |
| Enema | Normalize a chair | External | |
| Candles | Stimulation of blood supply, analgesic, anti -inflammatory | External |
If, after a week or two, there are no positive changes, a second test should undergo a provocologist who will provide a different treatment.
If the hemorrhoids of the second or third stage and it is impossible to treat it only with medicines, so -called.Small -invasive methods - unlike functional, are less traumatic for the patient, patients spend less time in the hospital and restored faster.This includes:
- Infrared radiation.Using an infrared, the doctor acts on hemorrhoids with high temperature nodes, hot blood vessels.This function does not require anesthesia (except in cases of high individual sensitivity in the patient to the patient) and has a low trauma.Coagulation can also be done using laser rays.
- Sclerotherapy.The patient in hemorrhoids nodes inserts a specific substance that sticks to the walls of the vessels.Usually, with sclerotherapy, a substance is inserted into no more than two nodes so that the patient does not develop pain syndrome.The next session is held in two weeks.
- Connection (connection) hemorrhoids with latex rings.This method is most commonly used to treat hemorrhoids in elderly patients who complicate the treatment of disease.At the same time, a small latex ring applies to the base of the node, which gradually squeezes the node, leads to necrosis and its rejection.At the same time, bleeding is not the case, as the log is blocking the ring.Then a healthy connective tissue is formed in place.The procedure is almost painless, has a low wound and the ring can be applied quickly with the immunomodomous.
- Cryotherapy.In this method of treatment, the hemorrhoid node is exposed to low temperatures, after dying defrosting, the resulting wound is cured over time and the forms of connective tissue in place of the node.The function is performed under local anesthesia.
All minimally invasive treatment methods are used only in the absence of deterioration of hemorrhoids.If the hemorrhoids enter the acute stage, it is necessary first to relieve inflammation and reduce bleeding.
Hemorrhoids surgery
In the fourth stage of hemorrhoids, surgery is indicated.The function (hemorrhoids) is carried out in the following way: The main groups of hemorrhoid nodes are subjected to resection, the joints are applied to their reasons, the ends of the wound are sewn.Although it sounds scary, the business, though quite unpleasant, is very effective and has the smallest number of relapses.However, after that, there are powerful complications: severe pain, bleeding, scars, deforming anal channel, strict anus, wound violation, strain.After operation, it is necessary to observe the status provided by the doctor - to refuse the duration of physical activity and hot baths.
Hemorrhoid treatment at home
There are many folk remedies of hemorrhoids, but not all of them are effective, and some may be harmful.It is advisable to use them only when you approve the treating doctor.
The decoction of the renal highlander, the fruits of roses and raspberry leaves will help reduce inflammation and normalize blood vessel tone.You can also rinse the anus and hemorrhoidal nodes, especially after removal, herbal decoction that have anti -inflammatory effects (Calendula, St. John's Wort, Chamomile).With them you can make warm baths by 10-15 minutes to reduce inflammation and pain.
Hemorrhoid
The easiest way to avoid appearance or deterioration of hemorrhoids, eating properly so that the chair is soft and there is no constipation.This follows:
- There are high -fiber foods- Fruits, vegetables, cereal cereals.This softens the chair and increases its volume, which helps to avoid increasing pressure in the abdominal cavity.However, in small portions they should be introduced into your diet so that they do not cause increased gas formation.It is advisable to avoid sharp dishes, spices and alcohol.
- Drink a lot of liquids.It is advisable to drink from six to eight glasses of water or other liquids a day (alcohol is not included here) so that the chair is softer and not injuring the rectum walls.
- Add medicines containing dietary fibers to your diet.Most people do not receive enough fibers a day (25 g are recommended for women, for men - 38 g).Some dietary supplements can improve the general condition of the patient with developed hemorrhoids.But do not forget that by inserting additives with a high dietary fiber content in the diet, the consumption of water or other fluids (not alcohol) in eight glasses a day or more should be increased.Otherwise, they can cause constipation.
- Do not deal during the removal.Excessive intensity and breathing retention when trying to relieve the high pressure on the rectum veins.
- Visit the toilet.If a person for some reason removes defecation, the chair can dry and it will be more difficult to remove from the body.However, you should not get involved in laxatives - with constant use, can irritate the anal area and even contribute to the development of inflammatory processes in the rectum.
- Exercise.It is recommended to do exercises or participate in any other physical activity-this will improve the condition of the body's vascular system, improve blood flow and reduce pressure on the veins.With a seated or permanent job, it is advisable to take a short break every two hours, to walk, to stretch, to do some exercises.
- Avoid long periods of immobilization.Very long meeting or standing can increase the pressure on the veins in the rectum area.