Hemorrhoids

7 May 2025

Hemorrhoids are varicose veins in the hemorrhagic veins of the rectum. Inflammation of the hemorrhoid node is characterized by thrombosis, a change of shape and the pathological extension of the hemorrhoid veins, forming nodes around the rectum.According to statistics, about 25% of people suffer from hemorrhoids, which worsen from time to time. And more than 70% of people at least have various symptoms of hemorrhoids, such as discomfort in the anus area, itching and pain during abstraction.Hemorrhoids in women often occur during pregnancy and childbirth. Hemorrhoids during pregnancy should be treated with very gentle methods, since a pregnant woman is not recommended to take any hemorrhoids prescribed in the usual order. Hemorrhoids in men are also a fairly common phenomenon caused by a number of other causes and factors that will be discussed further.What are the causes of hemorrhoids? It is generally accepted that hemorrhoids grow due to increased blood flow or inadequate outflow, which leads to stagnant processes. The causes and factors of hemorrhoids development are:Hereditary predisposition to hemorrhoids. This is the main factor in the appearance of hemorrhoids, which must be said in the first place. And although hemorrhoids are not inherited, a predisposition to this disease can be determined by genetic factors. The inheritance of some gene groups leads to a congenital weakness or vascular dysfunction found in the rectum. This is the cause of an enhanced flow and the inadequate blood flow through the cave veins, which leads to the pathological expansion of the latter. A long -term expansion of cave veins leads to dilution of the blood vessels walls, which contributes to the appearance of hemorrhoids bleeding. Long -term work and weightlifting. In addition to a sedentary lifestyle, natural overload also contributes to the development of hemorrhoids. First of all, this applies to people who are forced to stay in place for a long time. This category includes teachers, lecturers, Swiss, guards, hairdressers and others. Height lifting is another reason for the development of hemorrhoids and the loss of hemorrhoids.A sedentary lifestyle. This is a serious negative factor, mainly related to office workers, drivers and faces, leading a sedentary lifestyle. A sedentary lifestyle contributes to the development of hemorrhoids through various mechanisms. First of all, this is increased pressure on the rectum boats in a sitting position. With a prolonged seat, the anus area is slightly heated, which leads to stagnant phenomena and vascular expansion. In addition, lack of physical activity is a real way for the development of venous insufficiency. Including that applies to the veins in the rectum.Chronic constipation and diarrhea. People who have chronic constipation are predisposed to the development of hemorrhoids. Why is this happening? The thing is that with constipation, the feces harden, exerting pressure on the veins in the lower intestine. This leads to degradation in the supply of cavernous blood and the appearance of hemorrhoids. An additional factor of constipation is the habit of intense push during removal, which creates additional pressure on the boats on the rectum. In addition to constipation, it contributes to the development of hemorrhoids and severe diarrhea (diarrhea), which leads to irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane of the rectum.Pregnancy. Hemorrhoids during pregnancy and childbirth are a common phenomenon, since the fetus bearing creates pressure on the venous vessels of the rectum. And intense efforts during childbirth only exacerbate the course of hemorrhoids and contribute to the formation of new hemorrhoids.Inappropriate nutrition, abuse of foods and alcohol. An important factor in the appearance of hemorrhoids is malnutrition. Specifically, the abuse of spicy foods leads to irritation of the intestinal mucosa and also stimulates a reinforced blood flow to the rectum. And inadequate use of fibers (plant foods) exacerbates intestinal mobility. The factor that causes the growth of hemorrhoids is alcohol, which extends the vessels. Taking alcoholic beverages, even in small quantities, can cause exacerbation of chronic hemorrhoids. The main factors contributing to the development of hemorrhoids:Portliness.Hereditary predisposition.A sedentary lifestyle (subconscious) or work associated with low motor activity.Activities associated with excessive muscle intensity (high physical activity).Stress.Violation of blood outflow in the rectum.Frequent constipation.Inflammatory and volume processes in the intestines and liver. Contamination.Smoking. Inner and external At the place of hemorrhoidal nodes, the disease is divided into two main types: internal hemorrhoids and external.With the external hemorrhoids, the nodes are formed in direct proximity to the anus, in relation to it, their sensitive surface often breaks and bleeds bright red blood. Pain in external hemorrhoids is quite severe and strong, but in terms of independent diagnosis, this species represents no difficulty.The inner type of hemorrhoids, although it has a much more serious health threat, is often distinguished by complete lack of pain (especially at the initial stage of the disease). This is explained by the fact that the hemorrhoidal nodes are deep inside and their surface is the same intermediate mucous membrane of the rectum, which lives it.Degree Usually distinguishes 3 degrees of internal hemorrhoids:1st grade. Hemorrhoids are on the anal canal, they may not be noticeable (even by studying the rectum). Complaints of inflammation of the anus and bleeding, "pushing" the pain after removal.2nd degree. The nodes protrude from the anus when they drain and disappear independently. In principle, the same disorders are observed here as with 1 degree hemorrhoids, however, small mucosal ruptures are more common and inflammation of the anus is stronger. 3rd degree. It is characterized by SO -called loss of hemorrhoid nodes, which do not recover independently. Symptoms may be the same as 2-, but often the phenomena of stools and gases are further developed. When examined by hemorrhoids, it is distinguished by the fall of the anus along the radiant grooves, cyanotic coloring and tubers. Hemorrhoids symptoms The signs of hemorrhoids of all stages of disease development:discomfort in the anus.Pain during abstraction (initially insignificant, then strong).bleeding from the anus.Formation and development of hemorrhoids.

Hemorrhoids are a chronic pathology that has been evolving for many years. The rate of development of the disease depends on many factors, including nutrition, lifestyle.For the initial stageDiseases are characterized by a slight increase in veins in the anus. Usually such a sign remains unnoticed. In this case, the patient may be disturbed by the bloody discharge by the rectum that occurs immediately after removal. Blood can easily see on toilet paper. It is worth remembering that a similar symptom is characteristic of malignant intestinal tumors, so when it happens, you should consult a proctologist. Timely search for a doctor and the appointment of treatment will easily slow down the development of hemorrhoids.In the second stageThe development of the patient's disease can face periodically discomfort in the anus, itching. Often has a sense of a foreign body in the anus. Hemorrhoids begin to fall during removal and are still easily regulated inward. For the third stageHemorrhoids are characterized by an increase in existing characteristics. Large venous nodes in the anus find it difficult to empty the intestinal discharge, to cause constipation, the act of abstraction is accompanied by pain and bleeding. Intense hemorrhoids bleeding is dangerous, over time can lead to the development of anemia.For the last stageDiseases are characterized by an increase in the size of the hemorrhoids. Cannot be straightened with one hand. The presence of advanced veins in the anus causes severe discomfort, damages the patient, goes to the toilet. He is worried about abundant bleeding during each removal. The fourth stage of hemorrhoid development can be complicated by such unpleasant and dangerous phenomena such as veins at the end of the rectum.Hemorrhoids in pregnant women Very often hemorrhoids occur during the last trimester of pregnancy and childbirth. The causes of hemorrhoids are a perforation of the increased uterus of the intestinal veins, which leads to a deteriorating blood flow from the intestines and the perineum. Vienna increases in diameter and changes the shape. Periodic constipation in pregnant women can also cause it to occur. However, in most women, the symptoms of hemorrhoids go through the period after childbirth, so it is believed that the causes can be hormonal changes. It must be treated immediately after detecting the first by its symptoms. It is important to tackle constipation, for example, to take drugs to relieve stools (Forlax, Laminaride, Methyl -Hydia), to observe the hygiene rules (anesthery after award). Hemorrhoids (aurovin, relief, etc. ) are mainly used externally in the form of ointment and candles. Surgical intervention is performed only in severe cases.Prevention of hemorrhoids should be done from the first days of pregnancy - to make a sufficient diet to avoid constipation, not wear tight zones, spend more time in fresh air and walk.What is the risk? The progress of the disease without proper treatment will lead to a number of very unpleasant complications.Hemorrhoids Complications:Anemia (develops with a long course of the disease with plenty of bleeding).Inflammatory processes in the surrounding tissues, until the growth of parabiditis (inflammation of the fiber around the rectum). Palococystitis is considered a very serious complication that requires severe treatment.The cracks of the anus. The most common cause of severe hemorrhoid pain. Cracks create favorable conditions for the growth and penetration of various infections deep in soft tissues. This can lead to the development of enormous complication as a distance (limited purulent inflammation, accompanied by general adversity, temperature and severe pain). This complication requires compulsory surgery. Itching. A very unpleasant complication, which acts not only as a strong negative psychological moment, undermining the psycho -emotional state of the patient. The ever -expanding anal mechanical irritation can significantly aggravate the process of the course of the disease. In addition, continuous tissue damage increases the risk of developing various volume processes.Deficiency of the anal sphincter, gas incontinence and feces (often in the elderly). Therefore, hemorrhoids need early diagnosis and take immediate action to solve this problem.How they look like hemorrhoids: photo Diagnosis As a rule, diagnosis is not related to specific difficulties, diagnosis occurs as part of a patient study and an initial examination of external patients. Inspection helps to determine:The degree of loss from the anus of nodes,Evaluate the ability to return,The condition of the skin,as well as the relevance and degree of bleeding. Symptoms for hemorrhoids are similar to some other diseases. Therefore, the diagnosis should be careful because there is a risk of prescribing incorrect treatment. Hemorrhoids can be confused with: Anal crack, which is also accompanied by slight bleeding, pain during abstraction.Rectal cancer (malignant intestinal tumors occur with bleeding).the loss of rectum.Colitis, polyps and cowards. If you notice the first signs of the disease on yourself, do not postpone a journey to the doctor for a long time. Early diagnosis will facilitate treatment and help avoid complications but also surgery.How to cure hemorrhoids? Conservative hemorrhoids treatment:Make sure you smooth out the intestinal discharge. The chair should be normal, soft. In order to smooth the stool with hemorrhoids, foods with the content of dietary fibers, including wheat bran, is recommended, but their numbers must be gradually increased within 2-3 weeks. (from 5-10 g to 20 g per day), which excludes the appearance of discomfort.With constipation, you can recommend lactulose up to 30-40 ml a day to achieve a daily soft chair and other means, follow a diet and recommendations for constipation. Treatment uses local medicines: orthradomal hemorrhoids and ointments.With pain, candles containing small doses of drug vehicles (for example, beladonna, etc. ) help. You can prescribe candles, sodium algine, fish, depending on the symptoms and stage of the disease.If there is no bleeding, you can prescribe hypotheses or ointment of the pheffin hydrochloride etc. But all medicines are prescribed in any case, so only one provocologist can prescribe proper treatment after examination of the patient. In the pain, except candles, cold lotions can be used, but not more than 30 seconds.In order to increase the effectiveness of local drugs, it is necessary to obtain oral products that improve the tone of venous vessels and to avoid thrombosis: diodemin, troxerutin.Hemorrhoids lutting nodes are the base for their sauce. When used locally, thrombosis of hemorrhoid veins are used, Cold Hydrochloride and Lidocaine (1% solution) are used and further bandage is possible.With recurrence, despite treatment, hemorrhoids is recommended. Medicines treatment methods are exclusively symptomatic - that is, hemorrhoids do not cure radically hemorrhoids. However, they allow you to temporarily treat the unpleasant signs of hemorrhoids. If the patient after treatment with a drug will comply with medical recommendations to prevent relapse, surgical treatment may be avoided.But not always patients can follow all recommendations.Small -invasive methods Minimally invasive treatment allows you to quickly and without serious injuries to get rid of such a thin problem as hemorrhoids. Therapeutic methods In most cases only muffle symptoms of the disease are delayed when it is necessary to use more radical methods. Prior to appointment of a particular procedure, the doctor studies the patient's history, conducts a comprehensive examination, evaluates all potential dangers. Sclerotherapy- It is a low -traumatic treatment through specific hardening substances imported into the node, stuck its walls so that they could achieve the cessation of their diet and death in the future. The technique is performed only in 1-3 stages. It does not exclude the risk of recurrence of the disease and is effective only with small hemorrhoids.Electric shockIs carried out under the control of the immunomodomous. The electrode is transferred to the foot of the node and the fabric is (welded), after which they quickly die. In a process, it is possible to get rid of 1-2 pathological outbreaks. After welding, the hemorrhoid node stops eating and growing, and after a while it disappears completely.Connection with latex rings-One of the most up-to-date methods of minimally invasive treatment of 1-3 stages inner hemorrhoids. A Ligature Latex is applied through the immunomatic to the foot of the node, which leads to the compression of the tissues and the violation of blood circulation in them. After 8-14 days, the hemorrhoid node dies and is removed with the latex ring.Cryotherapy- Short -term effect on hemorrhoids with liquid nitrogen. After that, the hemorrhoid node dies and disappears. The process takes place under local anesthesia, so there are no painful sensations. Small invasive procedures are contraindicated in:Examination of the inflammatory process in the rectum and the anus. Anal cracks, injuries.Hemorrhoids thrombosis. Small interventional methods of combating hemorrhoids can only be used in 1-3 stages of the disease, necessarily by the deterioration of the inflammatory process. All procedures are carried out after local anesthesia. You do not need to use general anesthesia. In one session, only 1-3 knots can be removed. Sometimes treatment occurs at various stages, from intervals in several weeks.Surgical treatment Surgical treatment is the most effective treatment for the third and fourth stage.The hemorrhoid removal function, proposed back in the 1930s of the last century, continues to be applied and still amended. In the world, there are mainly two types of functions:Closed hemorrhoidalomy. Apply to Stage III and IV of the disease.Open the hemorrhoidal. Also in Stage III and IV, but is complicated by anal crack or shock. Also, in 1993 a new way of hemorrhoids was proposed, was made by Italian doctor A. Longgo, who consists of the circular removal of the mucosa layer and rectal output using a special device.Patients are released 3-4 days after surgery, disability recovery occurs in 5-7 days. There is also a small percentage of postoperative complications. Strength and nutrition after surgery In most cases, patients, after surgery for hemorrhoids, may begin to drink and eat a few hours after the business.But to observe the diet panel (according to Pevzer 1A), to exclude the products and dishes that stimulate stomach secretion and irritate its mucosa. Foods should be cooked in a wiping form, vapor or boiled with water, it is necessary to be taken in a liquid and shape. Exception: hot and cold, bread and flour products, raw vegetables, cheese, dairy products, sour cream, cottage cheese, spices, sauces, coffee, tea.Eating 6 times a day in small portions. Restoration of normal bowel function usually occurs on the second day after operation, so it can proceed with the usual diet. But, of course, all sharp and spicy dishes must be excluded, alcohol must also be forgotten. Approach to these recommendations, you can reduce the recovery time after surgery and reduce the risk of complications.Household treatment You can independently perform some measures that will help relieve the symptoms of hemorrhoids at home. However, it is worth remembering that they will not help get rid of the disease:Hot baths help well. You can swim or just sit in a water basin. It is necessary to place the anus area in warm water for 10-15 minutes 2-3 times a day.Excellent hygiene of the anal area. It is necessary to take a bath or shower daily, to wash the anus area carefully. Do not use soap in the anus and other means that can cause irritation. Avoid using flavored liquid wipes, which include alcohol.Do not use ordinary toilet paper. It is best to use wet wipes, but without alcohol.Use the cold. To remove the edema in the anus, you can use cold heating pillows, ice packages, fabrics moistened in cold water. In addition, hemorrhoids diet pursues two goals: to prevent constipation and irritation in the rectum. Main Recommendations:Drink enough liquid. This will help the chair softer, it will facilitate its passage through the intestines.Your diet should include more vegetables, fruits, cereals. They contain vegetable fibers, which help prevent constipation.Alcohol, coffee, strong tea should be avoided.Limit sharp dishes, spices.It is best to get food in small portions, 4-5 times a day.Eat at about the same time.Physical activity also helps to normalize intestine work. Gymnastics Gymnastics are aimed at preventing constipation and reinforcement of the anal clamp. For example, improve blood outflow and enhance the muscle layer of the type, you can smooth out the work of the intestines, which prevent constipation: The "scissors" exercise is performed by being on the back with elevated legs, which must be diluted and crossed alternately."Bicycle" is a pretty famous exercise that is very reminiscent of a bike ride, however, it is on your back.And you can lie down on the floor (on the back), put your feet straight together, lift one or the other, if possible, reaching right angles in the hip joints. Or bend your feet to your knees and spread to the sides while trying to cut the basin from the floor as much as possible. Thus, a person is arranged that he feels his "fifth point" in any position and is able to drive it, so gymnastics to enhance the anus does not require devices and can be executed anywhere and those around him are unlikely to notice it.Thus, exercises to enhance the clamp:Get up, cross your feet and rhythmic relaxation and volume of muscle buttocks.Choose the toughest chair, sit slightly forward (you can easily do on the desktop), try to reduce and relax the clamp in turn, trying to push the anus to the rectum. You should take 20 minutes in the exercise, which, if desired, can always be found. Prevention The best tool against hemorrhoids is prevention. There are predisposition factors that lead to the development of the disease:The irregular chair, the tendency of constipation or diarrhea, the habit of strangling during removal or for a long time to sit in the toilet with a book. Hard physical work and, vice versa, inadequate movement, long -term stay in a sitting position.pregnancy and childbirth.Alcohol abuse. This means that correction of lifestyle will help relieve the course of the disease.It is advisable to review the diet: abandon simple carbohydrates (sweets, sweets) in favor of the complex (vegetables, fruits, green, cereal bread), instead of tea and coffee, drinking water, will help normalize a chair.Avoid alcohol, including beer.With hemorrhoids, we are unwanted by horse riding, heavy sports, sports bikes, but walking or swimming is simply essential.It is useful to enhance the muscles of the abdominal and buttocks to do gymnastics in Kegel.Sitting in the toilet for a long time is a bad habit. But to use after visiting the toilet burger or the rising shower to wash, on the contrary, very useful. If, despite the preventive measures of deterioration, they could not be avoided, it is not necessary to panic. It is recommended to change the living room position in the lie, apply cool compressions to the painful spot, moisture in a weak potassium permanganate solution or organize baths with chamomile (not hot! ), Do not forget about diet and personal hygiene.